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1850  1915 

ORATION 


OF 


JOHN  J,  LERMEN 


CALIFORNIA'S  ADMISSION  DAY 
SEPTEMBER  9TH,  1915 


PANAMA-PACIFIC  INTERNATIONAL 
EXPOSITION       ::      SAN  FRANCISCO 


i850  1915 

ORATION 


OF 


JOHN  J.  LERMEN 

Past  President  Society  of  California  Pioneers 


CALIFORNIA'S  ADMISSION  DAY 

September  9th,  1915 


COURT  OF  THE  UNIVERSE 

Panama-Pacific  International   Exposition 
San  Francisco,  California 


OBSERVED  UNDER  THE  AUSPICES  OF 

The  Society  of  California  Pioneers 

The  Woman's  Auxiliary  of  the  Society  of  California  Pioneers 

The  Daughters  of  California  Pioneers 

The  Association  of  Pioneer  Women  of  California 

The  Native  Daughters  of  the  Golden  West 

The  Native  Sons  of  the  Golden  West 


L>  ^SQ>  o 


Calil 

ornia's 

Admission 

Day,  Septcmb 

er9th, 

1915 

Add 

ress  of 

John   j. 

L 

ermen, 

Orator 

of  the 

Day 

Court 

of  Universe,  Panama 

-Pacific 

International  Exposition 

II 

LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN: 

Today  a  descendant  of  a  Pioneer  appears  before  you  to 
address  you  on  behalf  of  the  Pioneers  of  '49.  That 
fact,  of  itself,  signifies  that  that  great  army  of  men  who 
came  to  California  in  1849  is  now  almost  all  but  a 
memory.  It  is  with  a  feeling  of  much  diffidence  that  I, 
of  the  second  generation,  undertake  even  approximately 
to  do  justice  to  the  memory  of  the  men  and  women  who 
have  bequeathed  to  us  a  heritage  of  gigantic  achievement, 
unmarred  by  any  act,  ignoble  or  unpatriotic. 

It  IS  an  easy  thing  to  enthuse  over  the  deeds  of  our 
^  pioneers,  as  in  loving  memory  and  proud  contemplation 
S  we  think  of  the  situation  that  confronted  them  in  the 
^  days  of  '49,  the  manner  in  which  they  met  it,  the  order 
that  they  drew  out  of  chaos,  and  the  society  that  they 
builded,  rough  hewn  though  for  a  time  it  might  have 
been.  It  was  a  man's  work  that  the  Pioneers  of 
'49  found  laid  out  for  them  when  they  came  here,  and 
that  work  was  performed  by  manly  men  in  a  manly  way. 

It  was  on  the  24th  day  of  January,  1 848,  that  James  W. 
Marshall,  at  Sutter's  Mill,  at  Coloma,  discovered  that 
small  nugget  of  gold  that  brought  the  first  general  recogni- 
tion from  the  world  that  here,  in  California,  was  to  be 
found  a  true  El  Dorado.  Within  a  few  years  Marshall's 
nugget,  worth  in  itself  the  paltry  sum  of  fifty  cents,  when 
measured  by  the  gold  unearthed  from  the  hiding  places 
revealed  by  its  discovery,  has  increased  in  value  to  over 
a  thousand  millions  of  dollars.  The  world's  supply  of 
gold  was  suddenly  largely  increased,  and,  with  its  aid, 
the  world  at  large  became  bigger  and  better  for  it.  New 
industries  sprang  into  being  and  old  ones  were  revived. 


2 


370656 


not  in  our  country  alone,  but  everywhere  throughout  the 
civihzed  world.  But  far  above  the  value  of  the  glittering 
gold  was  the  new  empire  that  the  Pioneer  developed  for 
his  country,  large  enough  and  fertile  enough  to  support, 
not  only  in  comfort  but  in  luxury,  a  population  far  greater 
than  what  then  was  in  the  entire  Nation. 

And  the  march  of  the  Pioneers  began.  While  many 
came  from  South  America,  the  Islands  of  the  Pacific,  and 
from  the  Orient,  by  far  the  greater  portion  of  the  number 
who  started  for  California  in  1848  and  1849  were  from 
the  eastern  states  of  our  own  country.  True  Americans 
all  of  them,  schooled  in  liberty,  taught  the  rights  and  the 
principles  of  freedom,  educated  in  the  belief  that  "all  men 
are  created  equal,  that  they  are  endowed  by  their  Creator 
with  certain  unalienable  rights,  and  that  among  these  are 
life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness." 

When  our  forefathers  left  their  homes  in  the  eastern 
states  to  come  to  this  then  distant  land,  they  brought 
with  them  a  physical  endowment  far  above  the  average. 
The  flower  of  the  youth  of  our  country  were  they.  Nat- 
urally, and  in  keeping  with  the  old  adage,  in  such  sound 
bodies  were  sound  minds.  With  a  full  realization  of  the 
dangers  of  the  march  across  the  continent  and  of  the 
voyage  around  the  Horn,  they  brought  with  them  a 
courage  that  could  not  be  weakened,  a  determination 
that  was  not  to  be  denied.  Added  to  these  endowments 
of  a  perfect  physicue  and  a  clean  and  wholesome  mind, 
they  brought  with  them  a  knowledge  of  the  principles  of 
American  freedom,  of  American  government,  and  of 
American  citizenship. 

And  so  It  was  that  our  Pioneers  fitted  into  the  new 
country  and  with  one  another  so  quickly,  so  easily,  and 
as  if  to  the  manner  born,  that  notwithstanding  the  re- 
markable fact  that  from  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  in 
November,  1849,  until  the  formal  acceptance  of  Cali- 
fornia as  a  State  on  September  9,  1850,  California  was 
without  a  government  to  enforce  its  laws,  nevertheless 
this  State  enjoyed  as  much  ease,  as  much  happiness, 
and  as  much  secuntv  for  honest  men  and  women  as  we 


[6] 


have  ever  enjoyed  since  our  formal  recognition  as  a  Stale. 
Seldom,  perhaps,  has  a  more  peculiar  political  situation 
developed  than  that  which  existed  here  in  California 
during  the  period  succeeding  the  adoption  of  the  Con- 
stitution and  before  the  admission  of  California  as  a  State. 
Without  any  organic  law  to  govern  them,  without 
knowing  just  exactly  by  what  authority  justice  was 
administered,  nevertheless  order  was  maintained  and  the 
Pioneers  went  about  their  affairs  just  as  though  they  were 
still  citizens  of  the  eastern  states.  Our  Pioneers  builded 
here  a  new  community  made  up  of  men  and  women  with 
real  red  blood,  men  and  women  who  had  little  or  no 
patience  with  crime  and  disorder,  but  nevertheless  men 
and  women  whose  predominating  and  characteristic 
trait  in  their  relations  with  one  another  is  best  expressed 
in  the  old  saying,  "Live  and  let  live."  They,  our  fathers 
and  mothers,  lived  in  a  land  of  toleration  and  they 
practiced  toleration,  perhaps,  because  they  were  not  yet 
so  far  removed  in  point  of  time  from  their  own  ancestors 
who,  in  1 776,  went  to  war  for  the  sake  of  that  same 
principle,  "Live  and  let  live." 

And  so  they  started  here,  some  across  the  continent 
and  others  over  the  stormy  seas  and  the  rebellious  waters 
of  Cape  Horn.  An  army  of  one  hundred  thousand  they 
were,  young  and  strong  American  citizens,  each  one 
of  them  nurtured  in  the  cradle  of  American  liberty. 
Down  the  sides  of  the  Sierras  they  swarmed,  gathering 
new  strength  with  the  satisfaction  that  at  last  they  had 
reached  the  land  of  promise.  In  through  the  Golden 
Gate  they  sailed  in  a  fleet  of  vessels  so  numerous  that 
their  masts  transformed  the  placid  waters  of  the  bay  into 
a  forest.  Up  from  the  bay,  and  down  from  the  mountain, 
the  vanguard  of  the  two  Pioneer  armies  met  where  the 
plain  joins  the  mountain,  and  the  joyful  acclaim  of  the 
one  was  hurled  back,  echo-like,  by  the  exultant  shouts 
of  the  other  until  they  were  all  blended  together  in  the 
one  magic  word,  "Eureka." 

There  have  been  pioneers  and  pioneering  expeditions 
as  long  as  the  world  has  existed.     Sad  to  relate,   but 

[7] 


nevertheless  true,  many  of  these  pioneer  expeditions  were 
inspired  only  by  the  spirit  ol  conquest.  With  such 
pioneers,  victory  meant  despoliation  and  rapine  to  the 
unfortunate  people  in  the  unhappy  land  that  might  be 
touched  by  the  blight  of  their  invasion.  "Like  sw^arms  of 
locusts  they  came,  and  devoured  and  disappeared, 
leaving  no  trace  of  their  coming  or  their  going  but  their 
own  ravages."  Or  perhaps  like  moths,  they  were  con- 
sumed by  the  fire  of  the  civilization,  whose  light  they 
might  have  darkened  but  whose  fires  they  could  not 
quench  or  destroy. 

But  the  Pioneer  of  1849  was  animated  by  a  wholly 
different  motive.  He  came  here  to  occupy  this  land,  to 
civilize  it,  to  improve  it,  and  to  make  this  an  abiding 
place  for  himself  and  his  descendants  for  all  time.  He 
came  here  in  answer  to  the  call  of  El  Dorado.  He 
came  here  to  unlock  the  vaults,  the  doors  of  which  were 
to  swing  open  for  him  who  held  the  combination.  The 
combination  was  tireless  energy,  indomitable  perseverance, 
and  unshakable  courage,  and  the  Pioneer  possessed 
all  these. 

It  is  hardly  fair  to  the  Pioneers  to  say  that  "They 
builded  better  than  they  knew.  '  The  archives  of  the 
Society  of  California  Pioneers  hold  no  more  priceless 
evidence  of  the  brain  and  the  wisdom  of  the  Pioneers, 
and  especially  of  their  leaders,  than  the  orations  of  the 
men  who  from  1853  commemorated  this  day  in  addresses 
delivered  at  the  exercises  commemorative  of  the  time 
and  the  occasion.  Pervaded  by  a  lofty  spirit,  breathing 
a  promise  of  a  future  to  San  Francisco  and  to  California 
that  perhaps  to  some  at  that  time  might  have  sounded 
like  a  tale  from  the  "Arabian  Nights"  and  the  product 
of  an  exaggerated  fancy,  nevertheless  today  those  same 
prophecies,  when  measured  by  the  conditions  that 
prevail  today,  when  measured  by  the  Society  that  has 
been  builded  up,  by  the  city  that  has  been  rebuilt,  the  city 
that  I  rill  rise  again  even  though  the  forces  of  an  otherwise 
kind  nature  might  for  a  time   prevail    against   her,  when 


measured  by  the  encouragement  given  to  art,  to  music,  to 
science,  and  to  culture  generally,  when  in  fact  measured 
coldly  and  calmly  by  the  yardstick,  or  weighed  in  the 
tipping  balance  of  a  grocer's  scales,  those  prophecies  will 
be  found  each  and  all  of  them  to  have  been  fulfilled. 
The  descendants  of  the  Pioneers  have  not  been  found 
wanting.  The  Pioneer  did  not  over-reach  himself  in  his 
preparation  for  the  days  and  the  people  and  the  conditions 
that  were  to  follow  from  his  beginnings.  The  pioneer 
of  '49  knew  just  what  he  was  building  and  it  was  with  a 
firm,  devout,  aye,  a  religious  belief  in  the  absolute, 
unalterable,  and  unchangeable  destiny  of  the  land  that 
he  opened  up  and  developed,  that  he  proceeded  with 
his  work  and  was  not  swerved  therefrom  by  fire  or  earth- 
quake, by  plague,  epidemic,  or  other  disasters,  or  by 
difficulties  that  were  unique  and  peculiar  because  of 
conditions  then  prevailing  in  a  land  far  removed  from 
the  world's  centers  of  civilization. 

The  word  "Pioneer  "  is  of  tender  significance  to  us. 
Not  only  does  it  recall  vividly  the  struggles,  the  hardships, 
the  obstacles,  and  the  successful  overcoming  of  them  that 
have  endeared  our  Pioneers  to  us,  but  we  are  also  re- 
minded that  the  Forty-niner,  within  less  than  one  year 
after  his  coming,  founded  here  a  political  organization  so 
completely  endowed  with  all  of  the  qualifications  neces- 
sary for  admission  to  Statehood  that  Congress  could  not 
well  deny  California's  claims.  True,  the  final  act  of 
admission  was  delayed  until  September  9,  1850,  a 
period  of  about  ten  months  from  the  time  that  California 
first  knocked  at  the  door  of  the  Nation  for  admission  into 
the  Sisterhood  of  States,  but  the  fact  remains  that  she 
was  admitted  just  as  she  had  presented  herself,  after  only 
about  ten  months  of  preliminary  training  and  develop- 
ment. 

The  Pioneers  of  California  are  in  a  great  measure  the 
pioneers  of  the  Nation,  for  directly  and  indirectly  they 
opened  up  the  entire  Pacific  Coast,  West  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.     With  the  advent  of  the  California  pioneer 

(91 


in  1849,  began  the  development  of  the  vast  empire  of 
the  whole  Pacific  Coast,  which  gave  to  the  Nation 
an  added  wealth  of  gold  and  other  precious  metals,  of 
timber,  and  other  natural  resources,  in  figures  so  immense 
that  the  human  mind  cannot  appreciate  their  magnitude. 

The  early  settlers  of  the  eastern  states  had  indeed 
tremendous  obstacles  to  overcome.  Hostile  savage  tribes 
had  to  be  met  and  conquered,  a  vast  wilderness  had  to  be 
cleared,  and  the  forms  of  government  and  of  society 
adopted  and  order  compelled. 

All  these  things,  also,  the  Pioneers  of  California  were 
confronted  with,  and  while  the  pioneers  of  Colonial  times 
did  their  work  and  did  it  well,  and  all  honor,  credit  and 
glory  to  them  for  the  doing  of  it, — nevertheless  we,  the 
descendants  and  the  successors  of  the  Pioneers  of  '49, 
may  with  equal  pride  point  to  the  energy,  the  bravery, 
the  courage,  the  perseverance,  the  intellect  and  the 
wisdom  of  our  own  California  Pioneers  as  a  fitting 
counterpart  to  the  best  that  we  may  find  in  song  or  m 
story  of  Colonial  times. 

The  pioneer  of  California  came,  saw,  and  conquered, 
but  he  conquered  not  with  the  arms  of  war  but  by  the  arts 
of  peace.  He  came  here  not  to  subdue  or  plunder  a  great 
empire,  but  to  found  a  new  one.  We  Californians, 
animated  by  pride  of  State,  are  pleased  to  call  this  State 
of  ours  the  most  priceless  jewel  in  the  crown  of  the  nation. 
It  must  be  remembered  that  when  our  California  Pioneer 
came  here,  he  found  that  jewel  a  diamond  in  the  rough, 
and  it  was  he  who,  with  incomparable  artistry,  gave 
polish  and  brilliancy  to  the  finished  jewel  that  we  now 
are  so  proud  of.  It  was  he  who,  with  reverend  hands, 
placed  it  in  the  diadem  of  the  nation  where,  among  all 
the  brillant  jewels,  it  shines  out  in  splendor  and  effulgent 
glory. 

Nearly  fifty  years  ago  today,  the  then  orator  of  the  day 
stated  that,  "With  all  due  deference  to  the  general  intelli- 
gence of  our  eastern  countrymen,  and  of  our  law  makers  in 
the  halls  of  Congress,  we  may  be  permitted  to  say  that 


they  fail  to  comprehend  the  greatness  of  the  land  in 
which  they  live.  "  The  burden  of  his  complaint  was, 
that  the  people  of  the  eastern  states  at  that  time,  who 
had  never  been  to  California,  had  no  conception  of  the 
immensity  of  the  empire  between  the  Rocky  Mountains 
and  the  Pacific  Coast,  no  conception  of  its  vast  and  varied 
resources,  no  conception  of  the  possibilities  it  offered  of  a 
rich  and  profitable  trade  with  the  countries  of  the  Orient. 

A  great  many  of  us  Cahfornians  today  think  just  as  the 
eloquent  speaker  did  of  fifty  years  ago  today,  and  while 
we  give  second  place  to  none  in  our  loyalty  to  the  esti- 
mable man  and  his  advisers  now  controlling  the  policies 
of  this  Nation,  and  while  we  fervently  hope  that  finally 
and  not  long  in  the  future  the  situation  will  right  itself, 
nevertheless  it  is  with  feelings  of  deep  regret  for  the 
present,  and  of  fear  and  trepidation  for  the  future,  that  we 
see  the  fleet  of  vessels  flying  the  American  flag  that  has 
for  years  been  the  pride  of  every  San  Franciscan,  swept 
from  the  ocean  that  connects  our  shores  with  those  of  the 
Orient.  It  is  indeed  with  feelings  of  sorrow  and  sadness 
that  we  will  shordy  see  the  last  of  the  vessels  of  this 
fleet  leave  the  beautiful  bay,  upon  the  shores  of  which 
we  are  now  standing,  and  for  the  last  time  wave  over 
the  waters  of  the  Golden  Gate  the  flag  of  the  Nation  we 
all  worship  and  adore. 

Who,  of  the  old  Cahfornians,  has  forgotten  "Steamer 
Day?" 

We  are  reminded  by  it  of  the  steamers  that,  before  the 
completion  of  the  transcontinental  railroad  line,  sailed 
out  of  this  harbor,  carrying  from  us  the  treasures  of  the 
mine  and  the  products  of  the  soil. 

We  are  reminded  that  twice  a  month,  on  "Steamer 
Day,"  we  had  a  financial  house  cleaning. 

We  are  reminded  of  the  scenes  of  activity  and  of  excite- 
ment, surrounding  the  incoming  and  out-going  of  this 
fleet  of  vessels. 

"Steamer  Day,"  and  all  the  things  that  went  with  it, 
meant  much  to  San  Francisco  and  to  California  in  those 
days.     The  ocean  highway  was  for  California,  for  many 


II 


years,  practically  the  only  means  of  transporting  her 
wealth  to  the  world  outside.  And  we  Californians  still 
feel  that  transportation  by  ivdfcr  should  today  engage 
the  solicitous  care  and  attention  of  our  rulers  just  as  much 
as  transportation  by  rail.  We  believe  that  the  one  can 
and  should  be  made  just  as  beneficial  to  this  City  and  this 
State  as  the  other. 

For  years  the  greatest  boon  that  we,  of  California, 
have  hoped  from  the  completion  of  the  Panama  Canal, 
has  been  a  return  to  the  halcyon  days  of  American  ship- 
ping, before  the  coming  of  the  railroad.  It  certainly  has 
been  a  bitter  disappointment  to  us  that  notwithstanding 
the  completion  of  the  Canal,  the  enactment  of  recent 
shipping  legislation  has  resulted  in  a  blasting  rather  than 
a  fruition  of  those  hopes. 

May  it  be  that  this  situation  is  only  temporary,  soon  to 
be  relieved,  if  not  through  the  wisdom  of  our  rulers,  then 
by  the  kindly  intervention  of  Providence. 

It  IS  true  that  we  Native  Sons  take  a  boundless  pride  in 
our  State.  Sometimes,  as  we  must  admit,  in  voicing  that 
pride  we  may  be  guilty  of  boasting.  But  never  can  we, 
nor  do  we,  separate  our  pride  in  our  State  from  our  love 
of  all  the  states. 

When  our  minds,  fired  by  love  of  State,  conjure  up 
for  her  virtues  that  perhaps  may  not  be  equally  appre- 
ciated by  those  from  without,  when  we  behold  our 
beloved  California  the  goal,  the  end,  the  consummation 
of  the  march  that  for  centuries  upon  centuries  has  been 
ceaselessly  in  progress,  in  obedience  to  the  dominant 
idea  that  "Westward  the  course  of  empire  takes  its  way," 
we  are  not  forgetful  that  back  of  us  are  our  compatriots 
who  have  remained  behind  to  complete  the  work  that 
the  Pioneers  laid  out  for  them,  and  we  rejoice  that  as 
the  last  forward  march  of  the  course  of  empire  met  the 
waters  that  mark  the  western  limits  of  man's  abiding 
place,  the  recurrent  wave  of  prosperity  that  swej>t  over 
our  own  beloved  State  also  deposited  its  beneficent 
waters  upon  the  other  states  of  the  Nation. 


We,  the  descendants  of  the  Pioneers,  native  sons  of 
Cahfornia,  love  our  Nation  just  as  much  as  we  do  our 
State,  and  if  at  times  we  must  submit  to  the  will  of  a 
majority  that  we,  in  California,  think  has  been  misguided 
because  of  a  lack  of  true  knowledge  of  the  claims  of  the 
West,  we  nevertheless  do  so  willingly  and  patriotically. 
But  we  must  set  ourselves  about  the  task  of  educating 
our  fellow  citizens  of  the  East  in  what  California  is, 
what  she  has  done,  and  may  do,  and  what  she  means  to 
the  Nation.  It  was  in  such  a  spirit  as  that  that  this  great 
Exposition  was  conceived  by  us.  It  was  not  that  we 
expected  any  profit  in  an  immediate  material  sense  from 
the  management  of  the  Exposition,  but  we  did  and  do 
hope  that  by  attracting  to  our  City  and  State  many 
thousands  of  our  fellow  citizens  from  the  different  states 
of  the  Union,  we  can  make  them  feel,  first  that  they  are 
part  and  parcel  of  us,  and  we  of  them,  and  to  that  end 
we  have  extended  ourselves  in  fulfilling  to  them  the 
duties  of  hospitality.  It  was  next  our  hope  that  coming 
into  close  personal  contact  and  touch  with  us,  they 
would  with  their  own  eyes  see  the  things  that  they  had 
merely  read  about,  and  with  their  own  ears  while  within 
our  State  and  City,  hear  the  things  that  we  were  asking 
from  the  Nation;  and  thus,  guided  by  their  own  personal 
experience,  and  moved  by  a  spirit  of  fairness,  grant  to  us, 
their  western  brethren,  such  consideration  as  in  common 
justice,  and  as  members  of  one  great  family,  v/e  are 
entitled  to.  We  have  nothing  to  conceal  from  the  eyes 
of  the  most  persistent  investigator.  Indeed,  if  anything, 
we  have  been  perhaps  over-zealous  in  exposing  our 
fallings  rather  than  in  concealing  them.  We  have  no 
apology  to  make  for  California.  We  have  nothing  to 
lose  and  much  to  gain  by  having  the  people  of  our  country 
know  us  better.  Their  knowledge  of  us  will  prove  our 
strength.  As  our  country  knows  us  better,  we  are 
confident  that,  if  anything,  our  country  will  love  us  the 
more. 

We  have  left  with  us  today  only  a  few  white-haired 
old  men  to  hear  the  eventful  story  of  their  contemporaries, 

|I3I 

370656 


a  story,  however,  that  merely  touches  here  and  there 
some  of  the  things  that  they,  and  the  men  who  came  with 
them  to  these  shores  over  sixty-six  years  ago,  accom- 
plished not  only  for  themselves,  their  city,  and  their  State, 
but  for  their  Nation,  aye,  even  for  the  world.  These 
reverend  old  men,  the  origmal  Pioneers  of  California, 
have  long  since  passed  the  stone  that  marked  for  them  the 
summit  of  the  roadway  of  life.  For  many  years  the  sun 
of  their  lives  has  been  sinking  in  the  West  that  they  and 
their  fellow  pioneers  opened  up  and  developed  for  us  all, 
and  their  shadows  have  been  ever  lengthening  in  the 
East,  gentle  reminders  to  our  friends  of  the  eastern  states 
that  the  last  of  the  young  men  who  left  them  some  sixty- 
six  years  ago  and  more  are  passing  away  from  the  land 
that  they  helped  to  give  to  them.  But  these  old  men 
will  carry  with  them,  even  the  last  of  them,  the  love,  the 
reverence  of  a  grateful  posterity,  a  love,  and  reverence, 
that  will  grow  in  intensity  as  the  shadows  of  the  valley 
of  death  become  for  them  darker  and  deeper. 

The  dream  of  the  Pioneer  has  been  realized  for  these 
old  men  who  still  survive.  A  day-dream  it  was,  too,  for 
them  and  their  contemporaries  of  sixty-six  years  ago. 
They  did  not  underestimate  the  future  and  so  did  not 
underestimate  the  obligation  that  was  upon  them  to 
prepare  properly  for  that  future. 

The  city  that  we  have  today,  the  effort  and  the  achieve- 
ment that  have  made  her  possible,  and  this  World  s 
Exposition  that  is  even  better  than  the  brag,  are  all 
testimonials  to  the  truth  of  the  tribute  paid  to  San  Fran- 
cisco by  the  then  President  of  our  country,  "San  Francisco 
knows  how."  The  pioneers  of  '49  knew  how.  They 
knew    how    to  build,  and  they  builded  as  they  knew. 


14 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIVOANIA 

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